passage passage用英语怎么说
【CET-6阅读】Practice 5
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, you should decide on the best choice from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge(剧增)of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse(反面)of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriage. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebounds, the number of marriages also rises.
Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is the increase in divorce rates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife&34;s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. Given high unemployment, inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife can increase household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. By raising a family’s standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family’s financial and emotional stability.
Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.
Also, a major part of women’s inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners. With higher earning capacity and status occupations outside of the home comes the capacity to exercise power within the family. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.
21. The word “portend” (Line 2, Para.1) is closest in meaning to “_____”.
A) defy B) signal C) suffer from D) result from
22. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides,_____.
A) men would choose working women as their marriage partners
B) more women would get married to seek financial security
C) even working women would worry about their marriages
D) more people would prefer to remain single for the time being
23. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home,_____.
A) they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners
B) their husbands are expected to do more housework
C) their marriage ties can be strengthened
D) they tend to put their career before marriage
24. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that_____.
A) they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom
B) they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands
C) they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations
D) they tend to suspect their husbands’ loyalty to their marriage
25. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author’s view in the passage?
A) The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situation of the country.
B) Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equality in marriage.
C) In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and remain independent
D) The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.
The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.
Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.’
“The results of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.”
1.Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.
2.Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.
3.Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.
Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.
As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. ‘s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. ‘s shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.
As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.
26.The author states that many educators feel that
A) steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.
B) the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.
C) the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.
D) The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.
27.Research has shown that
A) Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. ‘s in financial attainment.
B) the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies.
C) The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.
D) about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.
28.Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.
A) is the most frequent reason for dropping out.
B) is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.
C) is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs.
D) does not vary in difficulty among universities.
29.After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that
A) optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.
B) a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.
C) colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.
D) Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.
30.It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in
A) salary for Ph. D. too low.
B) academic requirement too high.
C) salary for dropouts too high.
D) 1000 positions.
Passage One
短文大意：文章讨论了女性的外出工作对婚姻的两种相反的影响。首段前两句表明专家观点：工作女性的剧增可能预示着拒绝婚姻，后半段又提出转折，工作女性的剧增可能鼓励婚姻。第二段两种相反观点继续讨论女性的外出工作对婚姻影响。第三段支持两种相反观点的两种相反的心理因素。最后一段，随着工作女性的经济能力的提高，女性在家庭的地位上升可能导致两种相反结果。
21. 答案为B）。词义题。从文章第一句话不难理解portend是预示的意思。但是要知道正确 选项B）signal也有显示的意思，需要背到字典上signal动词形式的第三个意思。要求考生不能局限于一词一义，而要熟练掌握大纲词汇的每一个解释。A) defy不服从, 反抗 C) suffer from忍受, 遭受 D) result from由……产生。
22．答案为D）。细节题。题干的the economy slides等于原文的economic downturns。定位在Data show that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead.数据显示经济低迷时期人们倾向推迟婚姻，因为双方不能承担一个家庭或者担心更窘迫的日子。只有D)符合原文意思。A）B）C）都是“无中生有”和“答非所问”。
23．答案为C）。细节题。找到原文On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.轻松选出答案C)。正确答案就把形容词stronger转化为动词strengthen。
24．答案为A）。细节题。文章顺序和题目顺序有颠倒。定位在28题之前a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. 考查内在逻辑的因果关系。一个妻子被阻止外出可能会感觉被关在房子里。所以她可能认为惟一的选择就是离婚。She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce.等于题干的women with no career may seek a divorce. A wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house.相当于A) they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom. 她们感到被剥夺了自由。
25．答案为D）。主旨题。因为这种平行的对比型文章作者不发表态度和结论，所以不可能有作者态度题只能理解为文章主旨题。A) 婚姻的稳定性和离婚率会影响国家经济。文章只提及国家经济会影响婚姻。颠倒黑白，排除。B)即使经济独立，大多数女性不得不为婚姻中真正的平等而奋斗。文章从未提及，无中生有。C)为了保卫婚姻，女性应当外出工作保持独立。以偏概全。只有D) The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case. 女性的外出工作对婚姻的影响是一例与一例不一样的——才准确表达出文章的两种平行的相反观点。
Passage Two
短文大意：这是一篇论及“博士生辍学”的文章。采用对比和因果手法。文章一开始就提出教育工作者严重关注博士生辍学率达50％的问题。而调查报告证明，只有31％。辍学造成不良后果，有人建议中途退学者回炉再念博士学位学业。研究表明不行。列出理由并加以分析。
26. 答案为A）。许多教育工作者感到应采取步骤让辍学者回校学习，特别是有些学科。这在第三段最后一句话：“有些人建议高级专家和大学教师短缺现象可以通过劝说辍学者返回校园完成博士学位来减少。”B. 辍学者应回到稍低级的学校去完成学业。 C. 有博士学位的人一般比辍学者具有较好的适应性。 D. 高辍学率主要原因在于教师方面缺乏刺激鼓 励。这三项文内没有提。
27. 答案为D）。约三分之一开始就读博士学位的人没有完成学业取得学位。第二段第一句：“辍学率为31％。大多数情况下， 辍学人不能完成博士学位学业, 就去从事生产性工作”。A. 辍学者的经济收入比博士生低许多。这是错的。见倒数第二段：“作为辍学者干得真不错的证明, 统计图表说明2％人文学科的辍学者年收入为20000多美金, 没有一个同 样背景的博士生达到这个数字。7000至15000美元年收入水平为博士生的78％， 辍学者仅为50％。” B. 在博士学习中刺激因素较小。 C. 博士预备生如果中途退学很可能改变其专业领域。
28. 答案为C）。博士生应达到外语要求的水平是许多博士生课程的一个基本组成部分。这在第四段有所表示：“约75％的退学者说，他们决定退学并不是出于学术的原因，而 出于学术原因的退学者提出：难以通过资格考试， 难以完成研究， 通不 过外语考试”。这里看出外语是博士生课程的基本组成部分。A. 它是退学最频繁的原因。 B. 它对理科博士生比文科博士应考生更难。 D. 它在大学中的难度并没有不同 。
29. 答案为A）。读完这篇文章， 人们不 会有这种结论。这在第三段末和最后一段。第三段末：“我们研究的结果并不支持这些意见（包括返回校园之意见）：⑴缺乏动力是退学的主要原因。⑵大多数退学者在博士课程上已经达到和他们的能力水平和专业水平相一致的水平。⑶大多数退学者现在从事的工作和他们所受教育和动机相一致。”最后一段：“至于返回校园的可能性，前景不乐观。至少有25％的退学生可能考虑返回研究生院就读，条件是保证他们保留现有的收入水平，有些还要保留他们目前的工作。”B. 博士生退学者，大体而论，并不具备得到学位所需要的一切。 C. 学院和大学雇佣了许多退学生。 D. 博士生在非学术岗位上没有挣到他们应得的钱。B.、C.两项文内没提。D.不对。
30. 答案为A）。博士生的工资太低。文中倒数第二段最后一句说道：“这也可能表明这样一个事实：在博士能挣到最高工资的学术领域中，高工资仍然落后于其它领域。”B. 学术要求太高。这只是某些因学术原因辍学者之强调点。 C. 辍学者工资太高。不是太高而是有一部分高于博士生。见第二题D项注释。 D. 职位低。文内没有提。
资料来源：新大学英语四、六级考点透视丛书：六级阅读/李华田主编，武汉大学出版社，2006