一、单词的音形关系

任何一个单词都是音与形的结合，掌握单词的音形关系是记单词的关键。单词的音是指英语48个音素，单词的形是指英语26个字母及字母结合。单词的音形关系比较复杂，是一种非对称关系，即一个形可以对应多个音，一个音也可以对应多个音，还有的形与音不对应，即字母或字母组合在单词中不发音。

二、影响音形关系的要素

单词的音形关系虽然复杂，但音形之间的关系还是有一定的规律可循的。影响单词音形关系的要素包括音节类型，音节的重读与否和音节内相邻之间的音素相互影响。

1.音节与重读的影响

比如元音字母A 可读[ei ]： favourite [&39;feiv?rit] face [feis] plane [plein] potato [p?&39;teit?u] skate [skeit] make [meik] lake [leik] take [teik] save [seiv] station [&39;stei??n] safe [seif] 在这些单词中的字母A都是处于重读开音节中。元音字母A也可读[?]hamburger [&39;h?mb?:g?] math [m?θ] rabbit [&39;r?bit] bank [b??k] accident [&39;?ksid?nt] happen [&39;h?p?n] exam [ig&39;z?m]在这些单词中的字母A都是处于重读闭音节中。

2. 相邻之间的音素相互影响

同样以字母A为例，元音字母A还可读[?] washroom [&39;w??rum] watch [w?t?] wash [w??] was [w?z] Washington [&39;w??i?t?n] 在这些单词的共同特点就是字母A跟在W后，再如class [klɑ:s] ask [ɑ:sk] past [pɑ:st] basket [&39;bɑ:skit] glass [glɑ:s] pass [pɑ:s]，在这些单词的共同特点就是字母A位于摩擦音[s]前。再如爆破音位于鼻音前后不发音，know [n??] climb [kla?m] sign [sa?n]。

三、字母组合的音形关系

单词中的音形关系还可以体现在字母组合上，即两个或两个以上字母组合在一起对应一个音素，英语单词中常见字母组合的音形关系有：

以元音字母双组合为例，其组合读音如下：

1.AI组合

① AI组合读[ei]afraid [?&39;freid] wait [weit] rain [re?n] painting[&39;peinti?] railway [&39;reilwei] main[mein] train[trein] raise[reiz] pain[pein] explain [?k&39;sple?n] email [&39;i:meil] aid [eid] daily [&39;de?l?] sailing [?se?l??] explain [?k&39;sple?n] tail[teil] fail [feil] straight [stre?t]

②AI组合在非重读音节中读[?/i]:certainly [&39;s?:t?nli] mountain [&39;mauntin] Britain [&39;brit?n] captain [&39;k?ptin]

③AI组合读[e]again [?&39;gen] against[?&39;genst]

2.OA 组合

OA 组合读[?u]:coat [k?ut] boat[b?ut] coast [k??st] coach[k?ut?] road[r?ud] coal [k?ul] throat[θr?ut]

3. EE组合读[i:]

meet [mi:t] see [si:] three [θri:] green [gri:n] beef [bi:f] between [bi&39;twi:n] sweet [[swi:t] cheese [t?i:z] teeth [ti:θ] sleep [sli:p] screen [skri:n] sweep [swi:p] street[stri:t] knee [ni?]feel [fi?l] agree [?&39;gri:] feed [fi:d] deep [di:p] degree [di&39;gri:] keep [ki:p] queen [kwi:n] seem [si:m] succeed [s?k?si:d]

4.EA组合读音

①EA组合读[i:]:please [pli:z] teacher [&39;ti:t??] bean [bi:n] tea [ti:] eat [i:t] meat [mi:t] leaf [li:f] leave [li:v] clean [kli:n] speak [spi:k] mean [mi:n] team [ti?m] beach [bi?t?] cheap [t?i?p] easy [&39;i?z?] east [i?st] real [ri?l] beat [bi:t] peace [pi:s] increase [&39;inkri:s] jeans [d?i:nz] reach [ri:t?] dream [dri:m] treat [tri:t] deal [di?l]

②EA组合读[e]:weather [&39;wee?] healthy [&39;helθi] wealth [welθ]bread [bred] breakfast [&39;brekf?st] ready [&39;redi] sweater [&39;swet?] heavy [&39;hev?] head [hed] already [?:l&39;redi] heaven [&39;hevn]pleasure [&39;ple??] treasure [&39;tre??] instead [?n?sted] deaf [def]

③EA组合读[i?]:idea [ai&39;di?] theatre [&39;θi?t?] really [&39;ri?li] area [&39;ε?ri?] realize[?r??la?z]

④EA组合读[ei]: break [breik] great [greit]

5. IE组合

①IE组合读[i:/i]:thief [θi:f] piece [pi:s] believe [b?&39;li?v] field [&39;fi:ld] achieve [??t?i:v] movie [&39;mu:vi] cookie [&39;k?k?]

②IE组合读[ai/e]:tie [tai] die [dai] pie [pai] lie[lai] friend [frend]

6.EI组合

①EI组合读[ei]:eight [eit] eighty [&39;eiti] weight [we?t] weigh [we?] neighbour [?ne?b?] seize[seiz]

②EI组合读[i:/i]:deceive [d??si:v] conceive [k?n?si:v] perceive [p??si:v] receive [r??si:v] neither [&39;ni:e?]foreign [&39;f?r?n]

7.OO 组合

① oo组合读[u:]:too [tu:] afternoon [&39;ɑ:ft?:&39;nu:n] cool [ku:l] school [sku:l] room [ru:m] food [fu:d] noodle [&39;nu:dl tooth [tu:θ] zoo [zu:] bamboo [b?m&39;bu:] choose [t?u:z] soon [su:n] moon [mu?n] food [fu:d] pool [pu:l] smooth [smu:e] spoon [spu:n]

②OO组合读[u]：good [gud] book [buk] look [luk] cook [kuk] foot [fut] cookie [&39;kuk?] wood [wud] wool [wul]

③OO组合读[?]:flood [fl?d] blood [bl?d]

8、OI组合

OI组合读[?i]:toilet [&39;t?ilit] join [d??in] point [p?int] noisy [&39;n??z?] voice [v??s] choice [t??is] coin [k??n] avoid [?&39;v??d] oi l[??l] boil [b??l]soil [s?il]

9.OU组合

① OU组合读[au]:about [?&39;baut] playground [&39;pleigraund] house [haus] mouse [maus] thousand [&39;θauz?nd] out [a?t] around [?&39;ra?nd] shout [?a?t] without [wi&39;ea?t] mouth [ma?θ] south [sauθ] sound [sa?nd] pronounce [pr?u&39;nauns] aloud [?&39;laud] mountain [`mauntin] cloud [klaud] proud [pra?d] count [ka?nt] pound [pa?nd] trouers [?tra?z?z]

② OU组合读[?]:cousin [&39;k?z?n] country [&39;k?ntri] young [j??] touch[t?t?] enough [i&39;n?f] trouble [&39;tr?bl] encourage [?n&39;k?r?d?] couple [&39;k?pl] southern [] courage [&39;k?r?d?] double [?d?bl]

③OU组合读[u:/u]:you [ju:] soup [su:p] through [θru:] group [gru:p] could [kud] should [?ud]

10.AU组合

①AU组合读[?:/ ?]:August [??&39;g?st] autumn [&39;?:t?m] cause [k?:z] daughter [&39;d?:t?] taught [t?:t] astronaut [??str?n?:t] because [bi&39;k?z] Australia [?&39;streilj?] sausage [&39;s?s?d?]

②AU组合读[ɑ:]:aunt [ɑ:nt] laugh [lɑ:f]