study的过去式和过去分词 stay的过去式和过去分词
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At the World Economic Forum last month, President Trump drew claps when he announced the United States would respond to the forum’s proposal to plant one trillion (万亿) trees to fight climate change. The trillion-tree idea won wide attention last summer after a study published in the journal Science concluded that planting so many trees was “the most effective climate change solution to date”.
If only it were true. But it isn’t. Planting trees would slow down the planet’s warming, but the only thing that will save us and future generations from paying a huge price in dollars, lives and damage to nature is rapid and considerable reductions in carbon release from fossil fuels, to net zero by 2050.
Focusing on trees as the big solution to climate change is a dangerous diversion (偏离). Worse still, it takes attention away from those responsible for the carbon release that are pushing us toward disaster. For example, in the Netherlands, you can pay Shell an additional 1 euro cent for each liter of regular gasoline you put in your tank, to plant trees to balance the carbon release from your driving. That’s clearly no more than disaster slightly delayed. The only way to stop this planet from overheating is through political, economic, technological and social solutions that end the use of fossil fuels.
There is no way that planting trees, even across a global area the size of the United States, can absorb the huge amounts of fossil carbon released from industrial societies. Trees do take up carbon from the atmosphere as they grow. Regrowing forests where they once grew can undo some damage done in the past, but even a trillion trees can’t store enough carbon to head off dramatic climate change this century.
In a sharp counter-argument to last summer’s paper in Science, Justin Gillis wrote in the same journal in October that the study’s findings were inconsistent with the dynamics of the global carbon cycle. He warned that “the claim that global tree restoration (复原) is our most effective climate solution is simply scientifically incorrect and dangerously misleading”.
1. What do we know about the trillion-tree idea?
A. It was published in a journal.
B. It was proposed last summer.
C. It was put forward by Trump.
D. It drew lots of public attention.
2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. A drawback of the tree planting strategy.
B. An example of reducing carbon release.
C. An anecdote of making a purchase at Shell.
D. A responsibility for politicians and economists.
3. What was Justin Gillis’s attitude towards global tree restoration?
A. Indifferent. B. Opposed.
C. Hesitant. D. Supportive.
4. What of the following could be the best title for the text?
A. Contradictory Ideas on Tree Planting.
B. A Trillion Trees Come to the Rescue.
C. Planting Trees Won’t Save the World.
D. The Best Solution to Climate Change.
词汇锦囊
1. World Economic Forum 世界经济论坛
2. announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称
3. respond vt. 回答；回复 vi. 做出反应；回应
4. proposal n. 提议；建议
5. trillion n. 一万亿
6. effective adj. 有效的；生效的
7. considerable adj. 相当大的（尤指大到足以产生某种影响的程度）
8. reduction n. 缩小，减少，下降
9. carbon release 碳排放
10. fossil fuels 化石原料
11. diversion n. 转向，转移
12. overheat vi. & vt. 变得过热；使……太热
13. absorb vt. 吸引全部注意力；吸收
14. head off 阻止某事，防止某事发生
15. dramatic adj. 巨大的；突然的；急剧的；喜剧（般）的
16. counter-argument n. 反驳；抗辩
17. inconsistent adj. 不一致的，前后矛盾的
18. dynamics n. 动态，（事物或人）相互作用的方式
19. claim vt. & n. 夺取（生命）；宣称，断言
20. restoration n. 修复，整修；恢复，重新采用
长难句分析
1. The trillion-tree idea won wide attention last summer after a study published in the journal Science concluded that planting so many trees was “the most effective climate change solution to date”.
句意：去年夏天，在《科学》杂志上发表的一项研究得出结论：种植这么多树木是“迄今为止最有效的气候变化解决方案”之后，万亿树的想法赢得了广泛关注。
分析：本句的主干是“The trillion-tree idea won wide attention last summer”，“after a study published in the journal Science concluded that planting so many trees was ‘the most effective climate change solution to date’”是时间状语。在这个时间状语中，“a study published in the journal Science”是主语，其中“a study”是中心词，过去分词短语“published in the journal Science”作后置定语修饰“a study”；“concluded”是谓语；“that planting so many trees was ‘the most effective climate change solution to date’”是宾语从句。
2. Planting trees would slow down the planet’s warming, but the only thing that will save us and future generations from paying a huge price in dollars, lives and damage to nature is rapid and considerable reductions in carbon release from fossil fuels, to net zero by 2050.
句意：植树造林将减缓地球变暖的速度，但唯一能让我们和子孙后代免于为美元、生命和对自然的破坏付出巨大代价的就是迅速大幅减少化石燃料的碳排放，到2050年达到零排放。
分析：本句是由转折连词but连接的两个并列句，前后两句是转折关系。在第二个分句中，句子的主干是“the only thing is rapid and considerable reductions in carbon release from fossil fuels”。“that will save us and future generations from paying a huge price in dollars, lives and damage to nature”是由that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“the only thing”；在这个定语从句中，that作主语。
3. There is no way that planting trees, even across a global area the size of the United States, can absorb the huge amounts of fossil carbon released from industrial societies.
句意：即使在全球范围内，进行美国那么大范围的植树，也无法吸收工业社会释放的大量化石碳。
分析：本句的主干是“There is no way that planting trees can absorb the huge amounts of fossil carbon”。“There is no way that...”是“没有办法；无法做到……”，that引导同位语从句。另外，“even across a global area the size of the United States”是介词短语作后置定语修饰“planting trees”，说明植树的面积。“released from industrial societies”是过去分词作后置定语，修饰“fossil carbon”，说明化石碳的来源。
答案解析?
本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了作者不赞成美国总统Trump响应“种一万亿棵树”来对抗气候变化的倡议，作者认为真正能解决问题的方法是迅速地大量减少碳排放。
1. D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The trillion-tree idea won wide attention last summer after a study published in the journal Science concluded that planting so many trees was ‘the most effective climate change solution to date’”可知，一万亿树的想法引起了公众的广泛关注。故选D项。
2. A 段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Focusing on trees as the big solution to climate change is a dangerous diversion (偏离). Worse still, it takes attention away from those responsible for the carbon release that are pushing us toward disaster.（聚焦树木将其作为解决气候变化的主要办法是一种危险的偏离。更糟糕的是，它把注意力从那些正在把我们推向灾难的对碳排放负有责任的人身上移开）”可知，该段主要论述了以植树来保护环境的缺点。故选A项。
3. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的关键词“counter-argument”“inconsistent with”“simply scientifically incorrect and dangerously misleading”可知，Justin Gillis对在全球范围内重新植树是持反对态度的。故选B项。
4. C 主旨大意题。文章论述了作者不赞成美国总统Trump响应“种一万亿棵树”来对抗气候变化的倡议，作者认为真正能解决问题的方法是迅速地大量减少碳排放，种树的想法是不科学的，且具有误导性。故选C项。