have的过去式 have加过去式表示什么
have+宾语+非谓语动词这种结构是中学英语中一个非常重要的考点,请先看这几道考题:
1. —Excuse me sir, where is Room 501?
—Just a minute. I’ll have Mary ______ you to your room.
A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing
2. — Did Tom fix the computer himself?
— He ______, because he doesn’t know much about computers.
A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it
3. Jenny hopes that Mr . Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ______ in a short period.
A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve
以上三道题的答案分别为ACA。 下面我们就为同学全面归纳“have+宾语+非谓语动词”这一结构的用法。
一、have + 宾语 + 不定式
该结构中have的基本意思是“有”,其主要用法有:
1. 表示有某事要做,其中的不 定式为定语。如:
The manager did not have the courage to speak the truth. 经理没有勇气说出真相。
Birds have the instinct to learn to fly. 鸟有飞的本能。
I think we have reason to be optimistic. 我认为,我们有理由保持乐观。
2. 表示因为有A结果发生了B,其中的不定式为结果状语。如:
I had the luck to find him in the school. 我真幸运,找他时他还在学校。
They had the misfortune to be hit by an earthquake. 他们不幸遇上了地震。
二、have + 宾语 + 动词原形
该结构中的动词原形,实为省略了to的不定式,用作宾语补足语,其中的have为使役动词。该结构的主要用法有:
1. 表示叫(请、使 、让)某人做某事。如:
He had his daughter clean the car. 他叫他的女儿擦车。
I'll have the office send you a map. 我会叫公司里的人送张地图给你。
I’ll have the gardener plant some trees. 我要让园丁种些树。
2. 表示容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句,尤与 won’t, can’t连用)。如:
I won’t have you tell me what to do. 我不能让你对我做的 事指手划脚。
三、have + 宾语 + 现在分词
该结构 中的现在分词用作宾语补足语,其中的have为使役动词。该结构的主要用法有:
1. 表示使(让)某人(某事物)一直做在做某事或处于做某事的状态之中。如:
She had her students listening attentively. 她使听学生们听得入神。
He had the whole company laughing and clapping. 他让全体员工笑起来,鼓起掌来。
2. 表示容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句,尤与 won’t, can’t连用)。如:
The teacher won’t have the students arriving late. 老师不允许学生们迟到。
I won’t have you smoking at your age. 我不能让你在这个年纪就抽烟。
She hate to have her boss standing over her. 她不喜欢上司监督她。
3. 说服或命令某人做某事。如:
The boss had me doing all kinds of jobs for him. 老板叫我为他做各种事情。
注:have difficulty (in) doing sth是英语中一个很有用的句式,其中的have表示“有”,
We had the greatest difficulty getting there in time. 我们为了及时赶到那里,经历了很大的困难。
四、have + 宾语 + 过去分词
该结构中的过去分词用作宾语补足语,其中的have为使役动词。其中的过去分词与其 前的宾语有被动关系。具体说来,该结构有以下主要用法:
1. 表示请(让)别人做某事。如:
We had the tractor repaired. 我们请人修理了拖拉机。
why do you want to have your hair cut short? 为什么要把你的头发剪成短发呢?
注:有时指无意志的行为。如:
He had his salary raised. 他加薪了。
2. 表示经历或遭遇某情况。如:
She had her finger cut. 她的手指弄伤了。
I had my wallet stolen yesterday. 我的钱包昨天被人偷去了。
3. 表示主动地完成某动作或解决某事。如:
Have you had all your mistakes corrected ?你已把所有的错误都改正过来了吗?
You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it explained often enough 到现在你应该理解这条交通规则了,已经给你解释得够多了。
I have had everything ready for staring business on my own account. 我已为我自己的独立经营做好了一切准备。
4. 表示容忍或允许做某事(用于否定句,尤与 won’t, can’t 等连用)。如:
We won’t have anything said against the Party. 我们不允 许有人这样攻击党。